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Filamentous Algae
Filamentous algae is sometimes referred to as "pond moss" or "pond scum". The texture of filamentous algae can be slimy, cottony, net-like, or resemble horse hair depending upon which species is present in a given water body. Although each species differs in texture, they each form in much the same way. These multi-celled plants attach end to end which form the long strands that classify this form of algae as "filamentous". Filamentous algae usually begins its growth along the edges or bottom of the pond and "mushrooms" to the surface buoyed by the oxygen it has produced. This type of algae is also commonly found attached to rocks, submerged trees, and other aquatic plants. Once on the surface of the pond, these filamentous algae mats can collect and trap trash blown into the pond.
Algae problems are usually caused by an overabundance of nutrients in the pond. Runoff from fertilized golf courses accelerates nutrient loading and algae growth in ponds. From the moment a pond is constructed, it becomes a settling basin for nutrients washing in from the land that drains into it. If the pond is old and has become shallow due to accumulation of sludge buildup on the bottom, it may be necessary to drain, dry and deepen the pond.
As mentioned, filamentous algae can often form dense growths that can ruin the aesthetic appeal of a pond. In addition, problems with filamentous algae growth can restrict sunlight penetration which limits the production of oxygen and food items necessary for good fish growth and pond health. When filamentous algae abundance interferes with the intended use of the pond, a chemical control method should be considered. Depending on the level of filamentous algae, ACI recommends treatment with a chelated copper compound in liquid and granular form as needed (usually every three weeks in the Rio Grande valley). Because copper based algaecides can be fatal to some species of fish, monitoring water quality becomes an important consideration before applying any algaecides to your pond.
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